Everything about Fumarole totally explained
A
fumarole (
Latin fumus,
smoke) is an opening in
Earth's (or any other
astronomical body's)
crust, often in the neighborhood of
volcanoes, which emits
steam and
gases such as
carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxide,
hydrochloric acid, and
hydrogen sulfide. The name
solfatara, from the
Italian solfo, sulfur (via the
Sicilian dialect), is given to fumaroles that emit
sulfurous gases.
Fumaroles may occur along tiny cracks or long fissures, in chaotic clusters or fields, and on the surfaces of
lava flows and thick deposits of
pyroclastic flows. A
fumarole field is an area of
thermal springs and gas vents where
magma or hot
igneous rocks at shallow depth are releasing gases or interacting with
groundwater. From the perspective of groundwater, fumaroles could be described as a hot spring that boils off all its water before the water reaches the surface.
A good example of fumarole activity on Earth is the famous
Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, which was formed during the
1912 eruption of
Novarupta in
Alaska. Initially, there were thousands of fumaroles in the cooling
ash from the eruption, but over time most of them have become extinct. Fumaroles may persist for decades or centuries if they're above a persistent heat source, or disappear within weeks to months if they occur atop a fresh volcanic deposit that quickly cools. There are also an estimated four thousand fumaroles within the boundaries of
Yellowstone National Park.
Another example is an array of fumaroles in the Valley of Desolation in
Morne Trois Pitons National Park in
Dominica.
Image:Sulpherous Fumeroles.jpg|Sulfurous fumaroles, Whakaari/White Island, New Zealand
Image:Sulfur_deposits_near_a_fumarole-750px.jpg|Sulfur deposits near a fumarole
Image:RincónFumarole Apr2003.jpg|Fumarole at Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park, Costa Rica
Image:Baker Fumarole.jpg|Sampling gases at a fumarole on Mount Baker in Washington, USA.
Further Information
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